Fireside Chat with Polygon Labs CEO, Marc Boiron

Recorded: Dec. 12, 2025 Duration: 0:40:03
Space Recording

Short Summary

Polygon is making waves with the launch of the KRW-1 stablecoin in Korea, a strategic partnership aimed at enhancing its market presence. The upcoming AgLayer release promises to revolutionize transaction speeds, while the recent hiring of Stripe's John Egan signals a strong focus on payment innovations. Additionally, the Madagiri hard fork is set to boost transaction capacity, paving the way for increased user adoption and engagement.

Full Transcription

Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. All right, everyone.
We will get started in just a little bit.
Just getting everything going.
Hello, Mark.
Thank you for joining.
All right.
Let's, and Timmy, if you would not mind sending a co-host invite to Nil, that would be great.
And then we can get started.
I am just going to put the link to the spaces at the very top part of the space.
So if everybody would not mind going up to the very top part of the space and hitting that like and retweet button
it would be greatly appreciated get some more folks in here we're going to be speaking with
polygon lab ceo mark boyron about current and future polygon strategy and then we will be
taking a few questions from the audience so really looking forward to diving into it. But Neil,
how are you doing, sir? Doing excellent, my friend. Happy Friday to all. Always there for
a conversation, getting things going. Should be a great way to wrap up our week as we're heading
through December here. Awesome. Well, perfect. Well, Mark, how are you doing today?
I'm doing fantastic. It's another awesome Friday.
Nice. Glad to hear it. Well, do you want to kick us off with maybe the current state of Polygon and how we're thinking about things with the payment strategy and
how you think that that has been going? Yeah, I mean, I think we're finally starting to see
just traction across the board in new ways on POS, right? So if you go back and you start looking at
just any statistic on POS in general, right? So go look at gas usage, right? The thing that matters the most, fees get paid.
And you see a number that is going very high up to the right.
As we increase block space,
demand for that block space is just filling up like incredibly quickly.
While fees are still staying low,
but it's driving a lot more value to the network.
So in that sense, it's really good.
Then you look at what that correlates to and two important things.
One is having the biggest app in crypto on Polygon is helpful,
which is Polymarket, of course.
Polymarket has been crushing it.
That continues to drive significant volumes.
Then you take a look at any data around payments volumes.
Specifically, peer-to-peer payments is one area,
but the one that really stands out is just look at
apps that are payments focused and
the increase in transactions across those,
which literally is just straight up and to the right,
continuously for probably six months straight now.
That's been very positive.
Seeing a lot of traction in a relative sense on non-USD stablecoins,
where they continue to dominate those with quite a bit over 50% of the market in LATAM, Southeast Asia.
So that's been really good.
I think that's going to take some time to really materialize
in terms of actual like on-chain volumes and transactions
that are significant like relative to the rest of the chain.
But the momentum there is like really, really good.
And so that stuff around like POS, you know, on the ag layer side,
we actually released a UI for the AgLayer yesterday,
which puts a face to it.
The way that is done,
one of the biggest issues that we know of
the AgLayer is distribution.
People want access everywhere.
What we did with this UI is we did two things.
We built in the AgLayer to it and then we built in Li-Fi.
So Li-Fi gives like broader distribution and access
while still being able to use the Ag layer
for the available Ag layer routes in a super efficient way.
Lots going to be coming from the Ag layer side,
both on the UI as well as the Ag layer itself.
But a lot of this is decreasing time to use the bridge.
So you'll start very soon next year.
You'll see ETH to L2 transactions using the Aguilera
dropping down to 10 seconds,
which is going to be huge in terms of just insanely easy onboarding there dropping down to like some to 10 seconds,
which is gonna be huge in terms of just an insanely easy onboarding instead of,
you know, it's 15, 20 minutes right now.
So that's gonna be really nice for all the AgLayer chains.
So that's, yeah, that's a few of the updates and directions.
And, you know, when we think of like where we're going,
you know, the AgL layer keep making it faster,
increased distribution.
And on the POS side,
it's really a lot of payment-centric changes
that we'll be making,
as well as just continuing
to increase capacity on the chain
while also just bringing more
of the different payments apps on.
So that's about it.
Wonderful. Thanks for that, Mark. And I just put up to the very top
some of those metrics that Mark was talking about, if you want to check it out. November,
there was 4.33 billion in prediction volume on Polymarket, which is on Polygon. And then,
you know, just even yesterday, we had over 8 million transactions on Polygon.
So we've really been seeing a significant increase in transactions.
So that has been really great to see.
And Mark, we just had a pretty big announcement about KRW-1 stablecoin in Korea,
backed by the one.
And I was just wondering maybe if you could talk a little bit about that and, you know, maybe even dive in a little bit about, you know, what the strategy is with Korea specifically.
Yeah, I mean, I think a few parts of this, but one is, you know, obviously Korean marketing
crypto in general is very big.
It's so the more you can do in general in Korea, I think is actually very beneficial
for the chain and for the token specifically, not like the stablecoin, but pole.
Just, again, having more eyes on the chain and trading, I think, is very positive.
In terms of the stablecoin itself, this just goes, again, into the Forex strategy that we have, which for us, it's very important
to have like a diverse set of stable coins.
So I think we are at maybe 17 non-USD stable coins now
in terms of like different currencies.
And I think the Korean won is an important one
in like the market in general.
And so, you know, being able to have it available,
trade it against the USD, USD against it,
I think ends up being really important.
And so, yeah, that's kind of like where it starts.
And then hopefully, you know, people pick it up in local markets,
in the local market and actually start using it day to day.
And then you get reminiscence in local volumes.
And I think like both of those are just cross-border payments in general on
both those together is it's really how you start increasing those volumes more
meaningfully love to hear it mark I think it's a lot of also coming out of
like the connection with JYP you know the Japanese stablecoin a lot of other
things are coming in that direction I think one of the targeted areas of these big impact markets,
along with emerging markets, which has been a massive focus for us,
our teams that are in LATAM and all the expansion that we're doing in that direction.
You know, this last month we had DevConnect,
which was also highlighted by our own event, Money Rails,
which was amazingly successful.
Shout out to Ben and the events team for everything they put together from that side.
Talk to us, you know, you were on site.
Talk to us about any themes you're hearing, right, from either users or, like, institutions,
from the LetAm direction, like, anything you're picking up that you can kind of transmit back
to our community members here?
Yeah, I think it's, pretty, pretty consistent with what I,
what I laid out there, right? It's, it's teams feeling like they, they want to be on Polygon
because they know that Polygon is like the best place to be for like their use case specifically.
And I think that's, that's like really important. That's, that's the goal of, of having like a
strategy that's more narrowed down, which is you can have a significant payments player
that looks at Polygon and says,
hey, you do what I need,
and therefore I want to work with you.
And we got a lot of that in LATAM.
That's just like, hey, we like working with Polygon.
We like working on POS.
You give us good support.
The chain does what we need.
So a lot of it was frankly confirming
a decent amount that we already know,
but it's always nice to get that confirmation.
Then it's also just seeing
the additional opportunities that exist.
Because when we see kind of this,
the nice thing is like, you know, especially like LATAM,
it's a market that's, people talk about it as one, right?
I talk about like LATAM as being LATAM,
but it's not one market.
And there's really interesting dynamics between, you know,
like Argentina and Brazil, for example,
and like opportunities that exist when you start looking at
not just USD transactions,
but also transactions between Argentinians and Brazilians
and the use of Polygon there.
So a lot of confirmation on what we know
around Polygon being a great place for these, you know, apps to grow.
But it's also nice because you get a lot of like user feedback on where there's more opportunities,
what else they'd like to see.
And so we got to hear a lot of that as well.
No, we love to hear it.
And I guess like stemming off of that, right, this last two months, you know,
this kind of payments alignment,
like some focus on RWAs as well, has really started off, you know, earlier this year,
we saw like the data pointing towards it, we saw like the effort that was being processed on these
different payment processors, and it just made sense to lean into it even heavier. You know,
it kind of, the solidified nature of this effort kind of like came to full fruition, I guess you could say, with the hiring of like John Egan, you know, coming over from Stripe.
Can you like kind of walk us through some of the people may be wondering like how like what he's been essentially bringing from the table, bringing to the table with his experience?
Right. Like what is that drawing us to make better assessments of? Like, how do those
conversations happen from the product perspective of how we're kind of pointing our ship right now?
Yeah, I mean, I think next month is really where you're going to start to see, like, a,
I don't know, it'll be a holy shit moment for most people when it relates to Polygon.
It's, you know, a lot of it's been building
out the complete strategy.
So there's one thing to say,
hey, we're going to win payments,
and then you just bring a bunch of apps to come use the chain.
There's another thing to say,
okay, here's how we're going to do it,
maximize value in the ecosystem.
I think a lot of that is the stuff John's been working on well.
I think building out the products like Payments Org
as well has been important.
I think understanding where it is that we're going
and bringing in the right people.
So when you look at who we have internally that are like experts in payments,
it's frankly like incredibly impressive.
One thing that we've done that's actually very different.
So we had a time in 2022, 2023,
where we went really hard into like institutions and corporates.
And one thing that the team did back then
was hire a lot of people who have that expertise.
But in almost all the cases, they were people who knew nothing about crypto whatsoever.
They didn't understand the blockchain in many cases, and they just knew their area really well.
So these are people who were like, they're fantastic at the jobs that they were doing. But when it came to being in crypto, they were like very, very limited or built things in ways that didn't really make sense.
And one of the things that we've been doing really good is and it's a different point in time as well.
It gives the optionality to do this, which is bringing in people who understand payments deeply,
but also understand like blockchains and crypto deeply.
So we don't really have to pick one or the other.
They're people who understand it well.
So we, I don't know, we probably have at least five people in the org now
who have been doing crypto and payments,
like payments and blockchain stuff like over six years,
five years maybe.
Like a pretty significant number of people with that expertise.
I think it might even be more than five.
So that's been nice.
But yeah, I think I'll punt mostly to next month,
because it's going to be one thing after another,
that is going to reveal exactly what
we've been working on and some of the strategic thinking that we've put together and that John
has been really crucial to putting together. Well, I myself am very excited for next month.
Well, I myself am very excited for next month.
We are doing everything we can to prepare for that.
So, yeah, I think it'll be very exciting for the community.
And, you know, Mark, I wanted to, you know, maybe ask a bit about how past work with major brands and institutions, you like say in 2022 has influenced the way that polygon
labs uh works with major institutions now like what what what has that experience led to and and
and what kind of trust uh do institutions have uh in in polygon based off of the reputation from the past? Yeah. I think number one is the brand.
It's just in many cases,
it's a known brand, it's a trusted brand.
It's like a majority or almost
a majority of the Fortune 500 actually used Polygon for something.
That builds a lot of trust.
So that's one big positive advantage from that.
I think like the second thing is again learning on like who we bring into the organization
is very important. You know I think being able to build the right things that drive the right value is really, really important.
I think it's also the way you support these organizations is very, very different.
I think in crypto, a lot of it is smaller builders or even the bigger ones,
they spend a lot of time figuring things out themselves. They're okay doing that.
They're expected to do that.
When you get to big organizations,
there's none of that.
It's a lot of hand-holding.
Understanding how to do that and scale that is important.
I think we have good systems for doing that well.
I'd argue that we're actually better at doing it
in the enterprise institutional world than outside of it.
efforts kind of have paid off
and kind of like learning from and benefiting us.
Wonderful. Thank you for that, Mark. Well, I think for the next question, can you touch
a little bit about some of the technical developments that have been going on.
I know we just had the Madagiri hard fork and that was a pretty major upgrade.
What that means for people coming to the chain and institutions?
Yeah. Yeah, so I think I can touch on this.
But I think there's like a few things that we've been doing over the last, I'll call it like month or two months or so, maybe even three or four months.
The first one is just increasing block space in general. So that helps bring in more transactions without increasing gas prices as much.
So that's definitely an important one.
I think the second one is adjusting block times.
So really this is being able to get to finality faster and, frankly, create a better user experience when it comes to the feeling of the chain.
It's also been setting it up for being able to increase the pace of changes.
So we're right now at a real TPS on chain.
We can hit 1, like in a sustained way.
Right. And like very clear ability to get that up to like $5,000.
And so that's positioned us well in that sense.
I've been very much focused on stability.
And so, you know, one of the things
when it comes to payments is, you know,
there's a lot of thing people want,
but actually like the biggest one that anyone wants
is just stability and reliability of the network.
And so that's one thing that we've been focused is like,
how do we make all of these changes
while maintaining reliability?
That's super important.
Then there's the Ethereum Fusaka upgrade that came with a bunch of new EIPs,
some of which we had actually implemented for a while before, but several that we needed to add as
well. Those are some of them, but at the core, it all comes down to how do we keep, you know, gas fees low, increase speed to finality and, you know, increase like block space so that we can handle more transactions as, you know, more and more payments come on chain.
Wonderful. Thank you for that mark so i think um it's a good time to open it up to
some questions from the community so if anybody wants to come up and ask some questions uh please
just go ahead and hit the request uh we do already have a question from the community uh so this is
from guth who is uh pretty active in the community. So how does Aglayer's unified bridge
design mitigate Oracle dependencies and cross chain
latency issues compared to traditional L2 scaling solutions
on Polygon?
Yeah, so I think like, you know, the Aglayer, I would think of it
very much as like, you know, an interoperability type solution.
So that's kind of what I would compare it to.
And when you're talking about that, you're generally talking about either an intent-based infrastructure or some kind of like bridge.
I think when you're intent, when you look at like intents and stuff, people think of them differently, but they're not really.
Like you can just layer intents on top of bridges, including like the ag layer.
You'll see kind of like more on this soon is maybe the way that I'd put it.
And you could create like really, really good user experiences.
I think like one example of one of this is actually, you know, Katana as a chain, I think
announced like maybe yesterday that they're going to be using this product called Trails.
So this is not like a Polygon product, but it shows like the power of intents and, you know, allows, you know, people to have tokens on any chain and you just hit like earn on Katana or swap on Katana and it'll like bridge from anywhere, which could very well be the Aglaire, you know, as an example under the hood.
So there's that intense side that I think just makes bridge experiences better is how I think about it.
And then there's the core of the question around the Ag layer itself.
And I think in that case, it really comes down to,
the best way to maybe think about it is,
unless you have great security around a bridge finality or like, then you can't actually optimize
like speed of cross-chain transactions.
What I mean by this is when you look at,
oh, how almost every bridge is constructed,
there's a risk of reorg that the bridge is taking.
When you look at almost any bridge and you look at
how fast is it that you can bridge, what you're often going to see is like 30 seconds, 45 seconds, 60 seconds, you know, 120 seconds.
Like you have like minutes or high seconds when it comes to bridging.
This is not like a technical limitation.
You could actually use most of these bridges and bridge in seconds or milliseconds.
It's actually a risk-based decision that is made, which is saying, hey, there could be a reorg on one of these chains.
We don't want to inherit the risk of that reorg and lose any funds as a result of it. So we're going to have some safety net
where we allow for a transaction to happen, but only after some period of time so that we know
the risk of reorgs gone. The thing that the Ag layer does is it adds a level of security using
the pessimistic proof that allows for being able to execute that transaction when we bring what we
refer to as fast interrupt, that's going to allow for those transactions to happen in seconds with
that security and no risk of rework. So technically, it actually is not designed in a way that could go
as fast as most bridges, but in practice, it can actually go much faster
because that risk of reorg actually doesn't exist.
That's the key difference.
This is why we often talk about AgLayer is actually being
the right implementation for cross-chain transactions in the long run,
because you ultimately cannot get
to fast enough transactions with other solutions,
not because of the technical limitations,
but because of the reorg risks on
chains that you don't have with the Ag layer.
Perfect. Thank you for that, Mark. So there are some other questions that I'm fielding just from the comments.
So we do have one from one venture founder. So I'll just read the first part. Can you tell us when AgLayer V.4 with sub-10 second finality is releasing?
Yeah, it's going to be sometime in Q1 that we'll be releasing it.
We're going to release it actually much sooner than that.
And then what we decided was that we should just stop focusing on that because getting to
a very fast finality on
the AgLayer is actually useless if you can't actually use it.
Specifically what I mean by that is,
you can have the AgLayer be as awesome as you want.
If you don't have a great interface for people to use,
then it's not very helpful.
And so we actually slowed down efforts on that
and pivoted efforts to let's put an interface on this,
which is kind of like a beta version that we released
that I was mentioning, I think it was yesterday.
We need to actually have what we build be usable.
One of the biggest problems with Diaglia when it started was it was built to be
something that is great from a technical perspective,
but people didn't know how to use it and there was nothing to really use it.
So it shifted towards that and then now that we have that interface on it,
and there's more we need to improve on it,
going back and actually saying, okay, cool,
now that you have it and you have a way to actually use the AgLayer,
why don't we go ahead and actually make it fast?
So that's the thought process around the AgLayer,
which is probably where we should have started in the first place.
Because again, if it's not usable,
the fact that it can be fast is useless.
Right. So focusing on user experience first.
Yep. All right. Well, perfect.
Well, we do actually have somebody that came up that
wants to ask a question, Webby Social.
So I see that you left a comment that, uh, let's see, you support stable coins on, uh, polygon stable coins on webby social. That's great to hear. Uh, so do you have a question?
Yeah, by the way, Smokey, this is creative Alice. What's up, Neil? What's up?
Oh, Hey, what's going on?
What's going on? Uh, happy holidays, everybody mark awesome profile pic um so mark thanks for
taking the time for this um so we're currently using stripe right now alongside our stable
goings with polygon collecting payments on our platform the tech is actually working really well
but the biggest challenge now is actually driving user adoption especially for creators are not
super familiar with web3, what strategies
or approach would you recommend for smaller platforms for easier adoption to be more natural?
Because now we're blending Web2 and Web3.
What are some use cases that you've seen that have been more successful?
Can you walk me through, how is it that your users are actually receiving their payment?
Yeah. So the way it works, it's actually, we have a subscription base. And the way that users can pay for a subscription base is either through a credit card or through a Stripe system, or we also have an XP point system that creators can actually buy, purchase, a one-time payment.
And we use Stripe to actually collect those payments right now.
And the users are receiving these like in stable coins on the other end?
No, no, no.
They're like in platform points.
So for example, you go on the platform, you pay for like a certain amount of credits,
or you can say points, and then you can use those points on the platform that is not crypto we're just using stripe to collect payments for uh for webby ah got it got
it okay cool uh love it and so our i i assume part of this is people can pay for can they pay
for stable coin like using stable coins that is then converted to like cash on the back end for you guys. Yeah, yeah, yeah, exactly.
Yeah, it's exactly it.
You got it.
Okay, cool.
Yeah, I mean, I think the I wait, sorry, one more question.
I assume you also are just accepting like pure like debit credit cards from what you're
describing, right?
Yeah, exactly.
So like we actually have a lot of artists that are like crypto native but they're choosing credit cards more than using
stable coins or uh over the payment process when we integrate stripe and we're trying to be like
hey guys you could use your crypto um and we're not getting a lot of that user adoption right now
yeah so i i actually think that i think this is a really hard problem to solve and and so this
might not be like a fully satisfactory answer but but it all depends where your users are coming from. Because like, there's this
one, you know, I think, well, I won't say who tries to do this, but there's like one company that's
very focused on like, onboarding users to stable coins in developed countries. And I don't really
get that strategy, to be frank, because, you know,
if I go to dinner with friends and they say, let's split the bill and somebody says, hey,
can you send me, you know, USDT, USDC? Like I straight up just say, can I just Venmo you?
Which is super weird, right? Because I'm in crypto. Like, why would I say that? And the
answer is because it's literally easier. And that's very different, though, from, you know,
my family's in Canada. And if I have to send them money and they say, hey, can you send me some money?
And I say, can I just send you a stablecoin?
Because it actually is easier.
I use this example because, you know, if you've got users like all around the world, I'm guessing actually in many cases like the stablecoin use case should be easier for them but if a lot of them are in like developed countries where it's like very easy to use credit cards that's like
the behavior they're used to they're they're going to continue to engage in that that behavior and
the question then goes why would they change that behavior and it really just comes down to one of
two things either you need to give them a discount if they use stablecoins.
That's a good one.
That's a good one.
You don't need to like, why do you want to pay, you know, strikes fees when you can just
say, hey, you'll get 2% off if you pay in crypto.
That's fire.
That's like, to me, that's like the most like natural way to do it. You are going to incur
fewer costs. They will pay it. You are going to incur fewer costs.
They will pay less.
You both win.
That to me is like the most in developed countries that to me,
and like in that environment,
that to me is the only reason you would pay with crypto.
Because beyond that, you don't have like the difficulties that you
have in a lot of developed countries or cross border payments.
So if your users are generally in like a developed country, like I would just go that that discount
If not, then there should actually be real demand for it.
And it's just about like how you make it as easy as possible.
It sounds like you probably already based on on how you're approaching
it so i don't know hopefully that's helpful no that was good and then i just i just have a spin
off to this is um with stripe and like stable coins you can get one-time payments but recurring
payments seem to be a little bit of like a kind of tricky gray area uh why is that it's it's like you just can't always like there's
like always a transaction a connection within recurring payment i mean it's a few issues right
like one is um you know you're you're pulling a transaction from a wallet which you know now has
to do with like wallet approvals that you know is is uh somewhat um you know, dangerous to do. And Stripe actually released a subscription-type product
on Polygon for this recently. I have not personally tried it out, so I don't know how it is,
but usually Stripe releases pretty darn good products, so I would have assumed it would be
pretty good. But yeah, the subscription, of like the the i think the pull nature
ability to cancel like there's a lot more complexity there than just a normal payment
yeah that's challenging and also if you need a refund or re re you know give someone else
their money back or balance part it just it's just a whole different complexity when it comes to
sas subscription based within stablecoin so i'm running into it as a small builder but thank thank you for your time. I appreciate it, Mark. Great feedback. Yeah, no problem. But
this is also like a good example of like why it matters to like focus on payments and like why
we've done that because yeah, like we're not solving that right now. Like we've got like,
you know, just bigger picture things that we need to solve. But ultimately, you know, when I when I
think of us solving this before, you know, some general purpose chain, it's going to be much easier for us to turn to this and focus on solving this specific problem.
Whether it's something we build on top of Polygon or something we do on the chain level,
it's something that we will eventually be able to actually spend time on,
and we'll probably spend time on that much sooner than a chain that's trying to solve things for De, solve things for like DeFi and gaming and payments and RWAs and, you know, keep going down the list.
So yeah, these are the kinds of problems that I'm like super excited for us to like be able
to solve sooner rather than later.
Well, let me know.
We'll definitely beta test.
We got our users and they're asking for it.
So thanks, Mark.
Good stuff.
Love to hear it. Good to, Mark. Thank you. Good stuff. Love to hear
it. Good to hear from you, creative. I know
I owe you a text back, brother. My day
yesterday was crazy. I appreciate you
for coming up and hanging out with us, bro. So
good stuff on that side.
Additionally, we have Michu who has
come up on stage. Michu, the floor
is yours for any questions that you have.
Michu, going once.
That's all right.
He's just aura farming.
It happens from time to time.
Well, we do have another question
from the community.
So Tut is asking,
where can I read more
about the payment strategy?
January. asking where can I read more about the payment strategy? The Q,
We will release a lot more around the payment strategy in the first three
weeks of January.
It'll be very,
very obvious and very clear.
So not something I can reveal now,
but definitely you'll,
you'll have it figured out.
Okay, perfect. Well, look,
Mark, that is all the questions that we have from the community. Are there any final thoughts or messages that you'd like to leave the community with? Yeah, good question. I think I'm just excited, I think, for next month. Next month is really months and months of work on kind of this payment strategy, bringing it together. It's not just going to be laying out the strategy. We will lay it out. But it's also going to be like very real progression in that strategy that I think is going to open everyone's eyes to what exactly is happening.
And I think people are going to be very, very excited about it.
So I think that's like the biggest thing that, yeah, I'll leave you all with is first three weeks of Jan.
Get ready.
And we are very excited for it.
Obviously, it's the end of the year wrap up.
So I'm not sure if we'll have an opportunity to have another fireside chat before the end of the year, Mark.
But I appreciate your time today.
I know it's been a year of building, a year of like alignments and executions and really just ensuring that everyone understands which path we're pushing forward with.
we're pushing forward with.
And I think once the community
and other builders see the execution
that happens here in Q1 of 2026,
it's going to kind of align
with all the things that we've been talking about
over these last few months here.
So very excited time ahead.
Smokey, anything else before we wrap today?
Yeah, I guess just to let the community know
that next Fireside Chat,
we will make sure to schedule it late enough in the month of January
so that we can talk about all of these exciting new updates. So yeah, I think we'll probably end
up doing the third Friday of the month just to make sure that everything has come out and we can
take questions from the community and yeah we'll go
over it so yeah thank you so much mark for for coming out we really appreciate you doing this
every single month and uh we are very much looking forward to all of the major updates that are Thanks, everyone.