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SKALE Deep Dive with @TheGreatAxios / @iFalcore! 🌊
Recorded: April 9, 2025 Duration: 1:01:47Space Recording
Short Summary
In a recent discussion, the Scales Network team highlighted their innovative approach to scalability, emphasizing their capacity for 400-500 TPS, zero gas fees, and the ability to interconnect multiple chains. This positions Scales as a leading player in the blockchain space, attracting developers and projects looking for efficient and cost-effective solutions.
Full Transcription
elementary level pictures and diagrams to illustrate this for you.
If you don't like my drawing skills, I apologize.
I'll do my best.
My name is Sawyer.
I run Scales Developer Success Team and I'm one of the lead community
developers for the Scales Network.
Joining with me today is Manil, who is also a member of the developer
success team and Falcor, the head of community.
I will kick it over to them for a super quick intro and then we will be off.
Thank you, Sawyer.
So yeah, like Sawyer said, I work with Sawyer on the developer
Thanks for that amazing interview, Falcor.
Yeah, so I worked with Sawyer on the developer's access team and I help projects on the test integration and main integration, creating solutions, helping them throughout all process.
So if you want to deploy something on scale, just feel free to come to me and I'll help you deploying it.
Yeah, let's kick it off.
Go, Falkor.
I'm Falkor.
I don't understand how cameras work.
And I feel like also my camera's flipped as well or something, I don't know, I don't know what's happening,
listen, we've done a lot of live broadcasts over the past couple of days,
it's expected stuff is starting to break, yeah, let's go soya please all good we could keep talking all good well um let's kick
things off here so for anybody real quick uh fun little story for anybody that didn't catch the
ama yesterday uh falcord was just frozen on screen
for like a good three and a half minutes and uh it was really entertaining because i was messaging
him saying falcord fix your camera and he's like what it's not broken like now it's not working
um so that happened yesterday although today i think it's going to be me because i think my
internet is really bad right now it is slightly not good but anyways like i said let's kick things off i'm super excited the world's out to get us um well if i start just randomly freezing and you catch me in a really
weird looking angle with a funny face make sure to screenshot it it'll probably be a good pfp one
day um or me um but you guys can still hear me right yeah we can yeah we can maybe we can okay cool cool
let's kick things off with the most well-known
in blockchain in today's day and age wow that is really small and unfortunate let's try that again
um falc where this is all your fault break all the technology transactions per second so for those
of you again that are new to blockchain you're new to scale um today what we're going to be doing is
we're going to be walking through a bunch of the popular mechanics um within blockchain and talk
about how they relate to chain performance and ultimately scale and you know comparing scale to
other networks transactions per second is probably one of the most
commonly talked about mechanics in blockchain. And in most cases, it's generally not actually super relevant, which is a bit of the joke. The reason is most chains have plenty of throughput
these days. But we're going to talk more about that in a second. So let's kind of kick things
off here. What is transactions per second? This is throughput, or capacity, depending on kind of how you
like to think about things. What do I mean by that? In terms of
actual, like drawings, right? Let's imagine in Falcor is going
to scream at me because we use this analogy all the time. Well,
let's imagine we're in Los Angeles. For those of you that
are not familiar with Los Angeles, it has, I don't know why that has a green background.
Try that again. We're in Los Angeles. For those of you that are not familiar with Los Angeles, it has some of the worst traffic in the world.
It's just like sprawling for miles and miles and miles, and it takes an hour to go literally nowhere.
So let's say we're in LA, and we want to think of LA like a blockchain,
right? LA is kind of like Ethereum, right? It has only a couple of lanes on each side of the
highway, which is actually not true. It's like six to eight lanes, you got gantic highways,
but they still need like 10,000 more highway lanes because literally it's so congested.
lanes because literally it's so congested and so la kind of looks like this right and you've got
a whole bunch of cars which i'm just going to represent with x's and basically all of the
highways are jam-packed all the time okay or most of the time what does transactions per second give you it gives you more throughput okay and this is also
partially done through the block gas limit which we'll talk about in a moment but essentially more
tps means we can do more right so if we want to reduce the traffic what do we do we have to build
more highways right as we start to build more highways we hope we get to a point what do we do? We have to build more highways, right? As we start to build more
highways, we hope we get to a point where if we can build decent on-ramps and off-ramps,
we don't have congestion all the time, right? Maybe we only have a couple cars in different
lanes. This is a key metric when you think about what a blockchain can do, right? So more TPS,
more highways means less congestion.
Less congestion means more activity per second.
In terms of scale, that means specifically for us, right?
We have about 400 to 500 TPS per scale chain capacity
on mainnet today.
That means every scale chain can do this. Where things get really
interesting specifically with scale is we can have whole new highway systems.
Most monolithic chains, Ethereum, Optimism, Polygon, Avalanche, Arbitrum, whatever it may be, they essentially have a couple of highway lanes per chain,
and that's it, right?
On scale, we can keep adding these new highways
and interconnect them because, well,
we're a multi-chain network designed to be interconnected.
And that just kind of works from day one.
So that is TPS per second is throughput.
Throughput equals capacity. Okay. If there's any questions at any time,
like I said, throw them in the chat on the side.
And Manel will call them out to me and, or answer them directly.
Moving on to the next metric, as my computer continues to freeze,
the block gas limit. What. The block gas limit.
What is the block gas limit?
It's actually very similar in terms of throughput and capacity.
It's the amount of something we can do at any given time.
The difference is the block gas limit
is a kind of more fixed number.
So this is our like direct throughput.
TPS can change because depending on how big the transactions are,
our TPS can kind of go up and down.
The gas limit is static all the time,
or at least most chains, it's static all the time.
You can change it.
You're seeing that on Ethereum right now.
But generally the block gas limit is a line.
And it looks like this.
And what happens, sorry, that is not a straight line.
That's going to drive me crazy.
The block gas limit kind of looks like this.
Let's see if it will let me type on top of it.
Block gas limit.
This number, which on scale is 268 million, just over.
So we'll do a little bit of a greater than or equal to 268 million.
Put that a little end in there for the million.
What happens is your throughput,
which is your actual like live real-time transactions,
starts at zero.
So this is like no activity on a blockchain.
What then happens is as people start to use your chain,
your throughput and your TPS starts to go like this.
It goes up and down and it changes all the time.
And sometimes there'll be nothing going on.
And sometimes you have these peaks
where there's a whole lot of stuff going on and this is essentially what the throughput
of a blockchain looks like the key like i said is that this over here this is your real time
sorry that is way too big of a of a line this is your real time tps so your actual tps is your
estimate of how much can i do at any given time. Your real-time TPS is how much are we actually doing right this second?
How much throughput is hitting the chain?
And then your block gas limit is how much in theory could we do at the cap?
So for example, our TPS on a scale chain, on average, is anywhere between zero and, or real-time, is anywhere between zero and maybe 50, right?
Just because, again, that's a lot of compute.
That's still equating to literally hundreds of thousands
and millions of transactions per day
when you start to calculate all of this together.
Now, the theoretical average TPS, right?
The average TPS of what we've basically benchmarked the chain at is four to 500
transactions per second. So this is actual real testing that's been done by the scale team, by
third-party researchers like Dartmouth, et cetera, et cetera, to actually give you these estimates of
four to 500 TPS per second. Now, the block gas limit is way bigger. And so what does that mean? It means that
our theoretical TPS, okay, so we have TPS, which is just like average estimates, we have real time,
which is what we're actually doing. And lastly, we have theoretical TPS. Theoretical TPS is based
on the gas limit. Okay, what does this actually actually mean because i know we're getting a little bit technical here
it means that depending on how big the transaction is the actual amount of compute you could do in
theoretical tps changes so if we use base native transfers so on a scale chain that's transferring
s fuel in theory we can actually do about 13,297,
give or take, S-Fuel transfers at each second.
Why?
Because an S-Fuel transfer takes 21,000 gas, take about 268 million divided by 21,000,
you get 13,000 and change.
What does this mean?
It means that in blockchain, at any given time, there is essentially three TPS values, and they're all correlated, or at least partially correlated based on block gas limit.
So again, we have TPS is transactions per second. Usually we just call this average, right? And on scale, that's about 400.
We also have real-time TPS.
This is how much we're doing, right?
At any given point in time.
This is variable.
It's always changing.
It could be zero.
It could be 500.
In theory, it could be 13,000, right?
It's always changing, and that's per chain, right?
Then we also have the network aggregate on scale lastly we have theoretical tps this is based on the block gas limit
how much can we do
of a certain type of transaction aka you know transfers swaps etc
a, you know, transfers, swaps, etc. Hopefully, everybody's tracking, because we kind of grouped
a few of these together. But I think it makes more sense when we put them together, because
when you do them separately, it's just kind of like, well, what's the correlation, right?
Moving on to block time. If anybody can guess before I tell you actually what it is if anybody can guess
what we equate block time to like what the real world pieces i will give you a really nice shout
out and maybe you'll get lucky and someday falcor will send you a hat maybe not promising
if anybody can guess what block time is there There's a very specific real-world attribute that we equate this to.
I'll give it like 10 seconds, so type fast.
Okay, nothing, no guesses.
Oh, we got a couple typers.
And no, if you say, um, that's just not going to work.
That's okay.
Okay, speed.
Block time is raw speed literally
okay why let's think about it a blockchain looks like this like literally this is what
a blockchain looks like if you visualize it directly and then the actual chain is like a bunch of lines right just the connections uh what is it six
just the connections between the blocks this is basically the most basic visualization of blockchain
but the question is how long does it take us to go between these blocks aka how long between
actually building the chain do we have? Every chain is different,
right? That's why block time is your raw speed, because it's literally the definition of how fast
are you building this chain. If your chain only has one new block every minute, well, your block
time is about a minute, right? If your chain is building at the rate of one second, your block
times are probably about one second.
Block times can be variable. Some chains have explicit block times, like Ethereum. Ethereum has explicit 12-second block times. Scale, on the other hand, has variable block times. Why?
Greater speed, greater flexibility, and greater efficiency. On scale, the empty block, so if
there's no transactions on a chain, the block times are 10 seconds.
But as activity starts to hit the chain, the blocks actually get faster and faster and start to speed up.
And usually we target having them be about 1 to 1.2 seconds.
We can see subfinality blocks as well if the validator hardware is powerful enough.
But block time, again, is raw speed.
I'm proud of everybody that guessed
they and said they were about to type that by the way very proud of everybody um thank you for your for your participation on that um the way that i like to think about block time is and i'm going
to use a little bit of analogy here and i promise you it's not a highway analogy um you're welcome falkor is shipping um i don't know about
you but um i feel like since the rise of amazon um it's just like a revolving door of packages
um in my apartment complex just like non-stop everyone's getting amazon packages all the time
and it's really interesting because when you think about ordering something online the question of how fast fast they're going to ship has been like a universal constant for, I feel like, forever, right?
If I order something online, is it going to ship to me same day? Is it going to ship to me tomorrow? Is it going to ship to me in a week? Is it a month? What's the shipping going to be?
going to be that's kind of how i like to think about block time right a chain that has basically
you know 12 second block time or 10 second block time or you know something that's going to take a
little bit longer multi-minute that's more of like your you know three to five seven plus day like
ground shipping it's not very fast right it's okay um it could be better um but in some cases it'll
work for you right right? Maybe.
But when it comes to most things in life, right, most people prefer them faster, right?
If we can get the same thing, but we can get it faster, most people prefer that.
I know me.
I'm not a very patient person.
I want same-day shipping, right?
If I order it, I want it on my doorstep in an hour, and if you can't do that, I'm mad,
which is not really fair, but it's just the way it goes.
That's kind of like scale.
Scale is like Amazon Prime same-day shipping, right?
It's like you order it, and it's on your doorstep, and you didn't even step outside your house.
That's how fast scale is, and that is why block time equates to raw speed.
Any questions on that?
I think my analogy makes sense.
I spent a lot of time thinking about this one, and I feel like the shipping really makes sense but we can we can work on it together if you guys don't agree
um i have a couple other ones but i still think shipping makes the most sense
moving forward as a couple of you guys type um what does block time kind of lead into the answer is finality and this is something we get a
lot of questions about okay a lot of questions about finality is a really interesting thing
in the blockchain world because you hear a lot of things and a lot of them are not true and there's
a lot of confusion around this finality is how long before something cannot change okay
starting all the way back in like the bitcoin world right finality can take a very long time
and in fact even on something like a, you can technically wind up in a position
where finality can almost be like not guaranteed because you can have hard forks and different
types of forks where data can change because some validator or miner has more power.
On most proof of stake networks, finality is tangible.
It is something you can achieve.
And it's a question of how long does it take?
Okay.
In terms of trying to justify how long it takes, that is then a, that's based on essentially
your consensus and your chain design.
So I did a ton of research into this over the last couple of weeks because I was getting
asked about it from different people.
And I learned a lot about how Ethereum fin finality works it's really interesting actually they use this uh this
consensus mechanism called gasper which is a combination of two different other kind of
protocols and essentially the way ethereum's finality works and i like using ethereum as our
base because a lot of people know ethereum we have in a po. An epoch is 32 blocks. Block times are 12 seconds. That's
six minutes per epoch. In epoch number one, we have some block number. In epoch number two,
we have some block number or block that has a block number. Inch 3 we have some block that has a block number
if this is epoch 1 we'll just go one two three what happens is this block is not final until we basically get to the connection which they call a checkpoint between the next two epochs
so in reality it actually takes 12 minutes for a transaction on Ethereum
to be final for the Ethereum docs on how their Gasper consensus works. This is, I'm not going
to go too nitpicky into their actual architectural design because it'll take me like 10 minutes to
walk through it. But essentially what this means is you're waiting for a long time.
So economically, right, the claim claim is well ethereum has all this
economic security because it has the most money and sure that's pretty valid right they have the
most stake in the world right also pretty valid but it takes a long time for things to be final
so if you are moving money right you have to be cognizant of the fact that things can actually
change right you're literally the funds you send could revert and come back to you and you would have to do it again right or the person you're trying to pay something
could happen and you know funds could be lost like there's all sorts of different things that can
happen that can happen in that 12 minute period scale thankfully has what we call a single slot
finality what is single slot finality.
What is single slot finality?
And before I do that, I'm going to grab this and actually yank it down.
That way we can kind of keep our dictionary growing.
What is single slot finality?
It means transactions are fully final after one block.
Okay?
Like truly final.
So you'll hear us talk about instant finality a lot.
Instant finality is a bit of a confusing topic.
The reason we say instant finality is because when you send a transaction
to a node on a scale chain,
as long as you get a successful transaction hashback,
it's not going to change.
However, if you actually
want the data to process and be read and fully available on chain, that does take one block,
right? Single slot finality means transactions are fully final after one block. Well,
what's our block time? Block times are give or take about one second.
Block time, block times are give or take about one second.
That means everything is fully final after about one second.
So imagine in the span of 12 seconds, which is one Ethereum block,
we could have 12 blocks of 13,000 transactions per second, fully final. That's pretty powerful. That's a lot of
information. When it comes to the single slot finale piece, why is this important? And what
does this give us in terms of performance? It gives us not just the raw speed from block times it gives us the security to build real-time applications
so the the truth is that it's hard to be real time even if you have really fast blocks if you're not
final right away so i'll call out um and i i normally don't call out other blockchains in a
negative way i'm not going to call out negatively i'm going to call it out and i i don't personally
agree with it we've seen a lot of uh you, stuff coming out about this new L2 called Mega
ETH. And they call themselves the real-time blockchain. Well, one, it's a centralized
server. So it's not a blockchain. That's just the truth of the matter. If they want to be a
blockchain, they should try to get some consensus. But if we look at the actual design of their
chain, they have these sub blocks but then they
also have these bigger blocks and then they also roll up to you know ethereum or they're going to
roll up to celestia or some data layer or data availability data availability layer they're not
instantly final things can change and that's really important right because again real time is great right real time raw speed we want that
we have the same thing but finality if you're not fully final right away things can change
how do you build real-time applications on a on a blockchain that can change right the answer is in
my opinion you can't right if you want to do that you need a chain that is not just raw real-time speed it also has the finality to keep up
last piece on this because i think it's really interesting um this is also partially uh related
to mev protection so you've probably seen a lot of stuff on the timeline you've probably heard jack
and stan talk about byte protocol a little bit byte protocol is something totally different this is something that has existed in scale from day one
and it is what we call tail fork mev protection so there's all sorts of really interesting
intricacies on this but the the the simple way to think about it is imagine we have a blockchain
right let's go grab our handy dandy blockchain again. And imagine that this
has, you know, multiple different validators, right? So validator one,
sorry, I don't know why that's so gigantic. Validator one,
propose this block, validator two, propose this block, validator three, propose this block,
validator four, validator five, so on.
What's interesting about tailforking is if somebody doesn't propose a block on time or,
you know, someone basically comes in here, let's say validator three comes in and says,
oh, I see an opportunity where if this block basically doesn't exist the way it does and
I change things and I rep-propose their block
in addition to my block, I can essentially make more money, right? I have an MEV opportunity.
It's something called tailforking where the last block in the chain can essentially be forked by
the next validator in order to change and have a money-making opportunity for somebody.
This is impossible on scale, scale okay and the reason is because
the next validator cannot change the previous block because blocks are not proposed and agreed
upon by just one person and coming to finality later blocks are agreed upon and final by the
super majority of the validators in the chain so the actual consensus of all the validators in the chain. So the actual consensus of all the validators in the chain or the super
majority happens within this one second block time and solves one of these common MEV problems,
which is tail forking MEV attacks, which is cool. If you have any questions on that, let me know,
but I thought it was an interesting kind of call out. Ultimately, all of this works together to
say basically we have finality, we have single slot finality, we have block times, and we have basically time to finality.
Which most of these are pretty much the exact same thing.
They're just different ways to think about the same concept.
Last piece.
What is my analogy?
I'm going to go back to my Amazon shipping, because I still think it's a
great analogy. Please someone correct me if they think it's a terrible analogy, or at least just
call me up. Having single slot finality is really interesting and having this kind of one second
kind of guaranteed, you know, block time when you're under load. In my opinion, it's kind of
like paying for Amazon Prime and
having like a guaranteed two-day shipping or guaranteed like same-day shipping. Essentially,
being this fast all the time and having this finality all the time enables you to be in a
position as a blockchain to guarantee that things are fast all the time, right? You're not going to
have these changes where, oh, one block is, you know, 10 seconds
and then one block is like a minute, right?
Which we see on chains sometimes like, you know,
a Bitcoin where block times can be a little bit more variable.
And even the same thing can happen with L2s
in terms of their roll-up, right?
If you're trying to roll up, but, you know,
block times on Ethereum are in finalities quite a long time,
and then you have these kind of variable roll-up times and periods because of cost,
well, it changes your finality.
It's very hard for a developer to build in that way.
So basically single-slot finality, I think it's kind of like having permanent same-day shipping.
It's a nice piece.
As far as time to finality, i want to talk a tiny bit more
about this before i move on time to finality again if we think about it in like layman's terms it's
the amount of time it takes something to not be changeable right if you are new ish to blockchain
and you are not really familiar with this time to finality term
i have a different analogy for this one i think now you're really going to like it i i think
baking right times and finality is kind of like baking okay if you look at you know let's pick
let's make let's bake some cookies together all right baking cookies i feel like usually takes
like about 20 25 minutes from
start to start to finish if you're baking them mostly from scratch um what happens right we have
basically three stages uh four stages number one we have to prep number two we basically roll the
cookies number three we bake the cookies and then because you know i I'm a human being, I don't wait for the cookies to cool,
they come out of the oven, and I start eating the cookies. No time to wait for them to cool.
That is our process for baking cookies. If we think about consensus on a blockchain,
how things work, it's kind of similar, right? We go through a bunch of steps to actually
process the transaction, broadcast it, go through execution, build the block, append the block to
the chain, and then make the data available to everybody. That is kind of like thinking,
sort of, I think. Like I said, I think it's a good analogy. Let me know what you think.
How long does it take us to go from start to finish is really what time to finality is. And
again, it's a very important thing to think about when you are designing your blockchain applications because it can have very big implications on how things work
i'm going to pause here i have a couple more metrics and in like uh i like concepts that
i want to walk through but i want to pause here and see do we have any questions so far
um any thoughts or
questions?
Do we like the analogies? Do we hate the analogies?
I don't think I can...
I guess I could draw baking chopstick cookies.
Can you
make the cookies?
Can you make the cookies?
Can you make me some scale cookies?
Take that as a no.
I'm sure I can figure this out.
For this baking analogy about time and finality,
when is the time that we cannot finalize a transaction transaction the only time that you can't make a transaction final would be if the chain is not
actively operating so in the case of most proof of stake chains um including scale that uses a
byzantine fault tolerant consensus it means that if you have basically if your chain is actively
byzantine and you're either under attack you have have too many nodes that are down, too many nodes that are unsynced,
transactions are not going to be final if there's no blocks being created.
As long as there's blocks being created, the time to finality is one block.
One block is generally going to be one second on a production mainnet scale chain
if it's under consistent load.
If it's not under
consistent load block times can be a little bit bigger like i said they can grow all the way up
to 10 seconds for basically a chain that is not under any active load but generally it's going
to be about one second for that uh time to finality um it can vary depending of course um
to uh i'm gonna pronounce it as as genet i hope i'm pronouncing that correctly um to answer
that question um when you send a transaction on any chain generally you are asked to wait
some amount of time before things are considered truly final. So I think probably the most common example
of this is if you've ever taken a token, you've tried to send it to a centralized exchange.
Usually when you send tokens to a centralized exchange, what happens is they will tell you,
hey, we've received a deposit, right? We've received a transaction, but we have to wait some number of blocks or some
amount of time for it to be final. Some exchanges use time, but they'll say, oh, estimated time is
like seven minutes, right? For this transaction to hit your account. Some chains will use blocks,
right? Like I remember in the old days, it was literally blocks. Like they'd say,
we wait a hundred blocks for a Bitcoin transaction to finalize.
It was very painful in the early days.
But yeah, that is essentially why we wait for things on most chains.
The good news is on scale, we don't wait because literally it's just final all the time.
Literally, like that's why we say instant finality.
Because when you're using the chain you're just using it you don't have to worry about waiting because most applications
can optimistically proceed because things just work um yes you can literally take a multiple
like you could take a six hour nap in the old days waiting for a bitcoin transaction to final
um those were those were the good old days. We are no longer in that era.
We're now in the era of high-performance,
scalable blockchains,
and we no longer have to do that,
but hopefully that makes sense.
I realize now,
and I feel terrible about this,
I didn't do the scale intro spiel.
I just got so excited about going
and drawing on my whiteboard
and going into the session. So I really apologize. Anybody that is here that is new to scale,
stick around in about 10-12 minutes. I will do a quick introduction to scale. My sincere
apologies for forgetting. Some days I just get so excited about the presentation. I totally forget to talk about scale. It's my bad.
I have three more pieces or terms that I want to walk through.
They're all interrelated, and it's all value-focused.
The first one is volume.
Why is this orange?
I made it orange.
Orange is not a good color for this volume
total value locked or tbl for short and total value secured
okay also after that we will do um gas fees and we'll do revenue versus fee saved.
Sorry, I actually have five for you guys.
Volume.
Very, very simple metric.
It's the number of value or tokens moving from or to a wallet to a smart contract.
Okay.
Most commonly, and I realize this is just a bit too big,
so I'm going to try to shrink that.
Most commonly, this is done within DeFi, right?
People go and they swap on Uniswap or, you know, Jupiter, SushiSwap on scale,
just depends on where you're swapping, really. But people go and they swap and they buy things
and they sell things. And what happens is that generates volume. Volume is considered a generally
pretty good metric to figure out value-based activity.
The problem with volume is it's fairly easily botted if you have a lot of money.
That's why, while we love volume, it's not always the best metric, right?
It's definitely a good one, but it's not always the best.
Most metrics are functionally bottable in today's day and age where the world is like 60% bots, but that is maybe more now with the rise of AI agents, but it's beside the point.
The next metric is TVL.
TVL and TVS are very similar.
The reason I put both on screen here
is because despite the fact that I don't really love L2s,
I do really like the L2B team,
and I think they've done a very good job of positioning
and calling out L2s for being,
well, not really secure blockchains in any way,
shape, or form. And they use TVS. And I think there's a little bit of a different nuance that
we call out here. TVL, I equate to protocol or application level, basically, value, right? So
this is, you know, liquid stake tokens. This is, you know is tokens in lending, borrowing platforms, tokens in AMMs, stuff like that.
How much money is actually locked in?
Again, it's a great metric.
It's still one of the most commonly used because it showcases your ability to attract TVL.
The reason that we don't always love it is because if you go and look at most blockchains, a lot of their TVL is just their own token.
They prop up their own ecosystem ofL is just their own token, right?
They prop up their own ecosystem of TVL with their own token.
And then they also, a lot of times, will buy TVL.
So not the best metric in the world,
but again, still valuable to understand where your network is functionally valued at.
TVS, I believe, is very similar to TVL.
It's just the blockchain level value, essentially.
How much is your chain securing, right?
Generally, your TVS is going to be a combination or aggregation of all of your TVL at the protocol level, right?
So again, really not too much of a difference, but I feel like it's worth kind of differentiating the two.
So I think it makes a lot more sense than considering TVL to be global.
When it comes to scale, I'll be the first person to be very honest with you. Our TVL,
our TVS is not the greatest. It's pretty low compared to many networks. Part of that is
because we don't have an open and permissionless chain, right? Our chains are by default semi
permissions. And so most teams that are building DeFi tend to go elsewhere to start. That being
said, it's not that we can't have it. It's an initiative that I've been working with a ton of
developers to do our best to grow. It just takes time and a lot of resources and a lot of effort.
DeFi protocols cost a lot to build. They take a lot of money to audit. It takes a lot of time
to basically grow them into successful platforms. The good news is we have plenty of room for growth. We're already
dominating in the GameFi and gaming sector. We're dominating in consumer and AI pieces as well.
It's just a matter of time before DeFi and our total value locks and our volume
really start to grow on chain. So yeah, hopefully that kind of makes sense.
I don't really have great analogies for them
outside of considering them to be kind of like a bank.
Volume is more so, imagine like a traditional stock exchange,
right, stocks moving.
TVL, TVS, I consider it like a bank, right?
The Bank of Falcor.
The Bank of Falcor has $100 million in AUM.
If we want to take money out, we go to the Bank of Falcor.
We make a withdrawal if we have money in the bank.
If we want to, basically, if the bank wants to make investments, it can.
That's very common with banks.
They give out loans.
They do different things to money um and then essentially this is like a d5 protocol or a blockchain right
the money and value exist on chain it's like the bank of blockchain right obviously a little bit
different um not financial advice not legal security advice all that good stuff um not
saying blockchain or d5 protocol our banks saying it's my analogy of that's kind of
what TVL and TVS is equated to. It's your locking assets in a place and you generally can retrieve
them later. Sometimes you retrieve them after a certain period of time and you get incentivized
through additional reward for doing so. Sometimes it's fully liquid and you can take it out whenever,
kind of like an AMM. But that's kind of my analogy there.
So hopefully that makes sense.
Again, not legal, financial, or any advice along those lines, just an analogy.
Last one, and probably the most fun, because like, come on, if you didn't show up for gas fees, well, I don't know what you're doing because we love gas fees.
Just kidding. Scale has zero gas fees. Zero gas fees on scale. This means on scale,
our revenue is not defined from gas fees. It's defined from chain payments. Most blockchains
have their revenue defined by gas fees. Basically, no economic activity means,
or no on-chain activity means no economic growth and success, right?
We're seeing this quite a bit with the majority of the roll-ups in the world
and other L1s.
Most of them are making no money.
It's kind of funny to see a chain.
I don't know if you guys like it or not.
I'm, again, not the biggest fan.
I'm just going to call them out because I saw the update yesterday.
Avalanche just released another update on their mainnet to lower gas fees even further.
Reminder, it's not sustainable for L1s to lower their gas fees to next to nothing because how do they make money?
They literally make money from gas fees.
Otherwise, they just have staking inflation, and that doesn't make any sense.
inflation and that doesn't make any sense so as other chains basically slash their gas fees to
try to get as close as they can to zero scale has an entirely more efficient economic model which
allows it to well be successful long term we do have zero gas fees on chain other chains have
variable gas fees right this gas fee is basically the money you're willing to pay for compute to
happen on scale developers are paying for it for you I don't think we have any of the hub operators or owners in the chat today, so I
can't call anybody out. But you can imagine, for example, the Nebula team, right? The Nebula team
works with the Scale Foundation. They're working to build a community on this Nebula gaming hub.
And with that, most of the applications going on nebula in the short term
are being given uh essentially some sort of subsidization from um the scale foundation
right which allows them to go on and build 100 for free the sublimation is actually just paying
for the scale chain right what that ultimately allows them to do right the nebula team paying
for this chain on behalf of all these dApps is give zero gas fees
to the users which is a really really great opportunity for everybody because you still
got this economic economic activity to the validators but you don't have this variable
gas fee that makes everybody really crazy when they want to go and do stuff and someone decides
to drop a really popular nft mint or token or something like that
pausing there I think that's all of the the primary mechanics Manil anything off the top T-Mint or token or something like that.
Pausing there.
I think that's all of the primary mechanics.
Manel, anything off the top of your head that you're like,
hey, Sawyer, you missed a mechanic,
and it would make a lot of sense to talk about?
No, not really.
You covered a lot. A lot of the topics that we usually talk about
in those projects every day.
So, not on the top of my head.
Cool.
All right.
Any questions?
I clearly did not forget any mechanics.
We should really vote on whether we want to call the scale school of Sawyer.
I don't really love that.
I don't think I should be the primary.
I like the deep dive of DS team more personally.
But time for questions.
Falkor, if you want to prepare and start shutting down the screen share,
I can close that out whenever that's ready.
But otherwise, time for questions.
Or if there's no questions yet, I can go into a
really quick introduction on a scale
because again, I was supposed to do that 43 minutes ago
and totally forgot because I was so excited
about scale school today.
Consensus mechanisms, we'll talk about that in a moment.
You were studying Fabian
Vogastell
Luxo idea four years ago. I think it's great to limit
the friction. Yeah, it's awesome. Yeah, that's, that's the beauty of scale, right? Is you get all
of the things you get on Ethereum and on all of your favorite kind of EVM chains, right? Metamask,
Rabi, you can use, you know, most popular solidity contracts
right out of the gate, but you don't need
gas fees, right? We found a model that
actually works. It's
really great. So
Southpaw? Yes?
Did you hear me? I did. I did.
Oh, all right. Cool. You didn't respond to me oh sorry sorry
it's okay uh just uh before we go turn it off now the movie okay yeah all right
cool all right so uh really quickly we have about 15 minutes left in our session today. We have a great audience. Looks like we've grown again from last time. A lot of new faces that I haven't seen before. A lot of repeat people that have been here before.
camera i think that's why i was lagging so bad didn't realize that i was blurred out the whole
time um um now you can see baby yoda behind me um i love star wars by the way so maybe we should
get start maybe we should get star wars scale hats that'd be really cool we should go try to
to to do something with them that'd be that'd be cool um all right gail let's talk about scale
briefly just at the high level and then again we'll kind of move back into questions.
Scale is a network of layer one blockchains, built different to scale gaming, AI, D-Pin, consumer, pretty much anything that you want to functionally put on chain.
Scale is really the place to do it.
I really personally do believe there's no reason to go to most other chains at this point, because you can get faster, better, and more efficient and cheaper decentralized compute with a whole bunch of other great things all on a scale chain the network of layer one
blockchains is what i like to call a network of mini ethereums of superpowers why do i like the
mini ethereum analogy because well anything you can do on a theorem you can do on a scale chain
plus we have a whole bunch of bells and whistles or superpowers that are just incredible these are things like native on-chain rng native on-chain file storage native on-chain oracle native on-chain bridging
that's also built in between every scale chain and ethereum um gigantic block gas limits as we've
talked about a single slot near instant finality um and zero gas fees.
I think I forgot that again.
Keep forgetting zero gas fees.
I should stop doing that.
Building on scale allows you as a developer to build without limits.
That's what I kind of like to talk about.
You are no longer stuck in the confines of small solidity contracts of variable gas fees. You don't need to use account abstraction just to do gas
abstraction. You can use account abstraction for better experiences for your users, but you don't
have to use it just to extract gas away. You can use it for more things like social auth and account
recovery, stuff like that. Ultimately, building on skill also comes with a massive support system
in a massive community. Obviously, all the people here today, I have a feeling we have some developers mixed in,
but I think for the most part,
it's more so broader community.
Lots of people building on scale means lots of things to try.
And as a developer, you get access
to a whole bunch of resources.
Everybody gets access to myself and Manil.
We do not discriminate between anybody.
We do our best to be available
for everybody in the scale discord
so if you're a developer and you're seeing this on uh twitter or you're here on discord with us
live today join us in discord grab developer role hit us up in dev chat and literally just tag me
um i i kid you not i'm okay if you tag me i'm not like most people who say like don't tag me and
just send a question i'll get back to you in week. I will do my best to get back to you immediately at all times.
I want to be as fast as scale is.
Otherwise, we also have a very robust
co-marketing support system.
Falcor, as a member of that team,
does quite a bit with our games.
We're doing our best to help people
basically showcase themselves.
So again, it's not just about using blockchain
to launch a token or do NFTs.
We have people doing blockchain for decentralized
compute, solving fault tolerance, solving geo-distributed automatic scaling for their
games, et cetera, et cetera. We should really drop in that blog post again, because I still
think that's the best one I've ever written. I'll remember to do that later. But anyways,
that is the kind of quick introduction to scale. It is a proof of stake network. In addition to our zero gas token,
we also have the SKL token,
which is used for staking,
governance and chain payments.
And if there's any other questions on scale,
let me know.
But I think that's a pretty good place
to pause for a moment
and start answering some questions.
Thank you, Lord Bluxonon i appreciate your comment uh your compliments um i do my do my best um how does scales fast block time and single slot finality benefit multiplayer synchronization
and in-game trading great question you just got me so fired up it's amazing all right one moment i'm talking for a
while okay great question um hey manel want to do me a small favor will you grab um the blog post
from my blog on the um the building uh supercharging games because there's actually a call
out to this but uh two different things so in-game trading generally
trading is not necessarily super time sensitive depending on what you're doing um obviously it
doesn't need to be you don't want it to be you know multi-minute or even like take 30 seconds
but usually within a couple seconds most trading is pretty good because there's loaders and spinners
and different things happening um but essentially fast block time means within one second you can make any trade in any game
right that's pretty cool as far as multiplayer synchronization this is really interesting
lots of different ways to look at this the first is a blockchain serves as a dual compute and
storage engine what do I mean by that if you you look at a traditional game or application, there's usually three components. Component number one is the client, aka the game that you download or you play on your phone or the website. Component number two is the server, which does a lot of the activity, manages the authentication, stuff like that. And component three is a database. A database is functioning as another server, but it has long binding storage.
It keeps state for a long time.
A blockchain does both two and three.
It does both the compute and the storage.
What's really cool is,
maybe we'll do this for a demo one day.
I know, Manel, you've been playing with the Primordium contracts.
We can maybe do this with a like a real-time um real-time game but um
imagine manel falcor and myself are playing a um let's say we're playing a guessing game right i'm
saying hey guys um i'm picking a number between one and ten right we're gonna go super basic i'm
picking a number between one and ten you guys're going to go super basic. I'm picking a number between 1 and 10. You guys have to guess the number.
Whoever guesses it first wins $5.
Game of pure skill.
Who's the best at guessing?
If you guys just started shouting numbers at me,
I would have no way to determine who actually shouted it first
if you say it almost at the same time.
Now, if we use the blockchain, what you could do is we could have you know mobile app where you type in the number and we go round by round so there's
10 numbers each round you guys each get to pick one right and maybe each round we switch off who
goes first um and we basically push it on chain and we do it in real time so every three seconds
the new round starts and boom you guys pick a number next round starts boom pick a number boom
pick a number until somebody guesses the right number, pick a number. Boom, pick a number. Until somebody guesses the right number.
You were almost right, KO'd.
It's actually seven.
I was thinking about the number seven.
But you were very close.
I'm close to everybody else because Falcor and Menel forgot to shout out what number I was thinking.
Three.
I just said it was seven.
Literally.
Can't make this up i hope we can put that for later i want that i just said it was seven um anyways um we can use the blockchain to basically do real-time
syncing we could also do this for things like um like mo mmo rpgs like we could have player statistics derived from nfts right
they could live update as your health changes and stuff um we could do um if you're at all a fan of
like turn-based games kind of like i just described stuff like civilization battleship uh what else is
turn-based heartstone is it heartstone or her stone is half half
hearthstone um all those games are turn-based we could do all that kind of real time on chain and then we also have probably one of my favorite games um that i'll ever see on blockchain stray
shot uh who's going to be going live on mainnet in production very very soon when you pick up guns
and ammo and stuff in their game they're
basically real-time minting the assets and then as you shoot the bullets it's basically burning
the assets and you know all that good stuff so very cool example of real-time gaming because
they're using it as a provability layer for everybody playing the real-time shooting game
which is really cool um in my opinion finality impacts user trust in a game based on quite literally the
length of the finality right if i'm playing a game and the game is not going to be final until after
the match is over that seems a little bit suspect to me like how do i trust anything that happened
was legitimate um we can build really hybrid examples of where you know we could obviously
protect and do different things but in my opinion if you're not trying to be essentially real time or at least single slot,
you're really not doing it right in today's blockchain world. If you're basically forking
Ethereum at this point and just launching another chain for something and you don't have
near instant finality, it doesn't really make any sense to me when you could just buy a scale chain.
So go tell everybody, go on Twitter,
go to the Twittersphere,
and every time you see someone just raise 20 million
to create a new blockchain,
just start tagging them all and saying,
why don't you just buy a scale chain?
Because it would make so much more sense for them.
Yes, I want to be as fast as scale is.
I do like sleep,
but unfortunately I don't get too much of it
in today's day and age.
But I do my best to be as fast as scale regardless.
What other questions do you guys have?
No bad questions.
To Akash, who said, how is some token tied to the chain in relation to TVL?
I have no idea what CBX is.
Is that CropBytes? Maybe. token tied to the chain in relation to tvl i have no idea what cbx is is that crop bites maybe uh manel saying yeah i think it is but um let me oh okay cool uh sorry about that i
apologize i was okay cool i was not aware they were doing a a token right this right this moment um
every token on the chain attributes to tvs so basically let's just say hypothetical
solcor decides oh i am a big jokester and i love to um i i like to uh you know mess with Sawyer. So what does he do?
He creates the mess with Sawyer token.
And he launches it on scale.
And it's a meme token.
And a whole bunch of people decide that this token is something they want to have.
And next thing you know, this token is now worth $100 million.
Scale is now securing $100 million, quite literally.
That's how blockchain works. It's kind of of crazy but people creating new tokens creates new value that value secured by the
chain if that hundred million dollars is you know if 80 of it is locked in sushi swap in an amm
sushi swap would have 80 million dollars of tvl and there'd be a hundred million dollars of tvs
on the chain because it'd be the 8080 million plus the $20 million liquid to calculate
that TVS. Hopefully that makes
sense. That would go for any token
anywhere.
Any other questions on scale?
How things work?
The scale school today?
Scale school. Falcor, you
might have come up with a good name
I actually think it's growing on me
scale school
I like it, I like it
Reb can create a cool graphic around that
Professor Axios
can we do a little chalkboard
with the great Axios on it
not going to lie
that'd be kind of cool
also I apologize my nose is like so itchy
like you know what like the side of your nose is so itchy it's terrible i apologize
um allergy season apparently um scale student understood everything perfectly should we start
giving out uh gold stars for scale school uh i'll be i'll be on it we are actually
working on something right that is going to be rewarding people so you know what we'll we need
to come up with like a like a class like ranking thing or something like uh who asked the best questions and then we can keep track and then when we launch
the thing then those people can get the bonuses when it's launched i like it we'll brainstorm
this week and we'll start next week hell yeah um hopefully um what security measures does scale
employee protect his network a number of them so scale is a proof of stake network it uses the skl token to basically be staked and have collateral for all the nodes
running and then in addition to that it is a byzantine fault tolerant leaderless consensus
so that means that you have to have 11 of the 16 nodes in an individual scale chain basically
approve and execute a transaction and say it's good in order to have that super
majority vote. Lastly, because we do have many chains, instead of forcing everybody to build
their own economic security like Cosmos and Avalanche, where they kind of force you to
start out your own validator set and everything, on scale we have a pool of validators. This pool
of validators is randomly utilized by the scale chains to basically rotate nodes in and out of the scale chains that actually run the scale chains.
And so by being a scale chain in the network, you actually get access to 800 plus nodes, not just the 16 on your chain at any given time.
And they can be rotated in and out randomly at any given time.
Hopefully that answered kind of the top three.
Hopefully that answered kind of the top three.
We do have some other security measures in terms of S-Fuel and how that works, but ultimately those are kind of the big ones.
At the end of the day, we do our best to make sure the network is as safe and easy to use as possible.
Obviously, there's never any guarantees, but we do our best to help ensure the decentralized network is the best place possible in the world to interact with decentralized applications.
What else you guys got?
Yeah, homework for everybody is go home and think about,
think about well don't go home you're probably already home or maybe at work but i guess we're
well, don't go home.
You're probably already home or maybe at work,
but I guess we're online.
we're online um basically everybody think about come next week with one question and what we'll
do is we'll we'll rank all the questions or we'll like you know grab some of the top questions and
then in addition to that um we will maybe see who has the best question and who has the most unique question.
Let's put it that way.
Something that we don't talk about often.
If we can get us going down a little rabbit hole, we always love that.
From Bailey, how does the scale team plan to balance the expansion of zero gas fee chains with maintaining long-term network security decentralization as the ecosystem grows?
So the answer to that is pretty much go check out S-chain pricing.
And deep dive a little bit into how the on-chain governance, chain pricing, and actual scale chain tech works together.
I'm happy to talk more about this next week,
but essentially for new chains to be created,
they have to be people willing
to pay for the scale chain.
If you're not willing to pay for the scale chain,
you're not going to get a scale chain.
And that's because, well,
validators have to run them and get paid.
And so ultimately,
to have a sustainable long-term network,
we have to have people paying.
The security and decentralization comes from what we've already built today.
We already are by default one of the most decentralized blockchain networks in the world.
The foundation does not run any nodes.
The core team does not run any nodes.
It's all run by third-party validators.
And all of these chains are basically being paid in and fully collateralized and staked.
So everything's kind of set up to continuously grow over time.
Any last questions?
I need to jump here to another call, but any last questions before we wrap things up today?
All right.
Thank you so much to everybody for joining us in Scale School.
It was a fantastic conversation.
I hope you guys learned a lot.
As always, if you have any further questions,
tag myself, tag Manel, or tag Falcor in the chat.
If you're a developer and have developer
questions go to the roles channel grab dev role go to dev chat tag me in there or tag Manel
again we're here to help everybody build and use scale to the best of our abilities
additionally head over to the forum share your thoughts propose ideas we're here to help
everybody you know have their say in the network. So very excited to continue this decentralized growth.
And yeah, thank you so much, everybody.
And thank you, Falcor and Benel,
as always, for your support
with running our scale school.
No worries at all.
Thank you, everyone, for hanging out.
It's been a pleasure, as always.
And we will see you again next week.
